When the --bySex command line option is specified, PEDSTATS will break down all text summaries by gender and when combined with the --pdf option, will also produce sex-specific graphical summaries of pairwise trait, covariate and affection variables.

For each covariate and trait variable, PEDSTATS will plot pairwise values by gender for each pair type that has more than a few phenotyped pairs. Figure 1 shows a gender-specific summary of sib-pair values for a covariate called "DREAM COUNT". For opposite sex pairs, two plots are produced; the first mirrors each value pair to facilitate comparision with the single sex plots. The second plot in the lower right plots each brother-sister pair once, with the male value as the x-coordinate, and the female value as the y-coordinate. When the relative pair type has an inherent ancestor-descendant ordering (i.e grandparent-grandchild, parent-child and avuncular relationships), each of the four types of pair (male ancestor - male descendant, male ancestor - female descendant, female ancestor - male descendant, and female ancestor - female descendant) are plotted separately. Figure 2 shows the distribution of "DREAM COUNT" amoung avuncular pairs.

Figure 1. Unordered relative pair relationship

Figure 2: Ordered relative pair relationship

For dichotomous traits, a breakdown of affection status similar to that shown in Figure 3 is given for each relative pair type.

Figure 3. Affection by gender among parent-child pairs