publications

• V-BID Center Publications
• V-BID Center Briefs
• Other V-BID Publications
• Ongoing Research

Featured Publications

• V-BID for Diagnostics, Devices, and Procedures
  
  This project outlines the potential implementation of clinical nuance in medical technologies. A collaboration between the V-BID Center and InHealth Institute for Health Technology Studies.

• Conclusion: Probing the Public's View on V-BID
  
  Continued findings on the general public's perception of
  V-BID. A collaboration between the V-BID Center, the Center for Healthcare Decisions, and Integrated Health Partners. Funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

• Introduction: Probing the Public's View on V-BID
  
  A collaboration between the V-BID Center, the Center for Healthcare Decisions, and Integrated Health Partners on the general public's perception of V-BID. Funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

• Communicating Value-Based Benefits: Employee Research Project Results
  
  A project of the Midwest Business Group on Health, the University of Michigan Center for Value-Based Insurance Design and Buck Consultants.

• Synergies at Work: Realizing the Full Value of Health Investments.
  
  This study, a joint effort with IBI and NPC, emphasizes the importance of measuring the full impacts of health investment for employers, including productivity improvements.
  
  Fendrick AM, Jinnett K, Parry T. Synergies at Work: Realizing the Full Value of Health Investments. National Pharmaceutical Council, February 2011.
  

• 

  Value-Based Insurance Design for Diabetes Mellitus:
  Approaches to Optimal Pharmacoeconomic Implementation
  
  In this chapter, based on a roundtable presentation by A. Mark Fendrick, MD, the evidence of V-BID in diabetes is presented along with next steps and research questions for enhancing the impact of V-BID in diabetes.
  
  Fendrick AM. Value-Based Insurance Design for Diabetes Mellitus: Approaches to Optimal Pharmacoeconomic Implementation. Am J Manag Care, December 2010. S314-S322.

• Applying Value-Based Insurance Design To Low-Value Health Services

  This paper argues that investments in processes to define low-value care, comparative effectiveness research to identify services that produce harm or marginal clinical benefit, and information technology to implement findings can facilitate applying value-based insurance design to the low-value realm.

  Fendrick AM, Smith DG, Chernew ME (2010). Applying Value-Based Insurance Design To Low-Value Health Services Health Affairs, 29(11), 2017-2021.

• Evidence That Value-Based Insurance Can Be Effective
  
  Health Affairs: This program evaluation suggests that value-based insurance design programs do not increase total systemwide medical spending.
  
  
  
  Chernew ME, Juster IA, Shah MR, Wegh A, Rosenberg SN Rosen AB, Sokol MC, Yu-Isenberg K, Fendrick AM. Evidence that Value-based Insurance Can Be Effective.  Health Affairs, Web Exclusive. January 2010.
• Impact Of Decreasing Copayments On Medication Adherence Within A Disease Management Environment
  
  Value-based cost sharing can increase pateints’ adherence to important medications.
  
  
  
  Chernew ME, Shah MR, Wegh A, Rosenberg SN,Juster IA, Rosen AB, Sokol MC, Yu-Isenberg K, Fendrick AM. Impact Of Decreasing Copayments On Medication Adherence Within A Disease Management Environment. Health Affairs, 2008: 27; 103-112.
• Value-Based Insurance Design: Embracing Value Over Cost Alone
  
  Value-based insurance design can help plug the inherent shortfalls in “across the board” patient cost-sharing.  Mounting evidence indicates that V-BID is both feasible and leads to desired changes in behavior.
  
  Fendrick AM, Chernew M, Levi G: Value-Based Insurance Design: Embracing Value Over Cost Alone. The American Journal of Managed Care, December 2009. Vol. 15 No. 10; S277 - S283.

• A Benefit-Based Copay for Prescription Drugs: Patient Contribution Based on Total Benefits, Not Drug Acquisition Cost

  This 2001 article by V-BID Center faculty first introduced the concept of V-BID.
  
  
  Fendrick AM, Smith DG, Chernew ME, Shah SN. A benefit-based copay for prescription drugs: patient contribution based on total benefits, not drug acquisition cost. Am J Manag Care. 2001; 7:861-867.

• Maintaining a Focus on Health in an Era of Cost Containment
  
  This 2-pager provides an overview of the VBID premise that patient cost sharing should more explicitly encourage
  patients to use high value services and avoid low value services.
  
  
  Fendrick AM, Chernew ME. Value Based Insurance Design: Maintaining a Focus on Health in an Era of Cost Containment. Am J Manag Care. June 2009;15(6).

• Value-Based Insurance Design
  By abandoning the archaic principle that all services must cost the same for all patients, we can move to a high-value health system.
  
  When everyone is required to pay the same out-of-pocket amount for health care services whose benefits depend on patient characteristics, there is enormous potential for both under- and overuse. Unlike most current health plan designs, Value-Based Insurance Design (VBID) explicitly acknowledges and responds to patient heterogeneity. It encourages the use of services when the clinical benefits exceed the cost and likewise discourages the use of services when the benefits do not justify the cost.
  
  Chernew, ME, Rosen, AB and Fendrick, AM. Value-Based Insurance Design: By abandoning the archaic principle that all services must cost the same for all patients, we can move to a high-value health system. Health Aff. published 30 January 2007, 10.1377/hlthaff.26.2.w195

• Learning What Works Best: The Nation's Need for Evidence on Comparative Effectiveness in Health Care.
  
  This paper commissioned by the Institute of Medicine examines the potential for Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) to enhance the efficiency of the health care system.
  
  

  Chernew, ME, Fendrick, AM. The Business Case for Comparative Effectiveness Research. "Learning What Works Best. The Nation's Need for Evidence on Comparative Effectiveness in Health Care." Institute of Medicine. March, 2007. Appendix Seven: 1-13.

• Value-Based Insurance Design Landscape Digest
  
  This Apex-award-winning report provides a thorough overview of V-BID principles and examples and is our most popular download.
  
  Fendrick AM. Value-Based Insurance Design Landscape Digest. National Pharmaceutical Council. July 2009.
• Aligning Incentives and Systems: Promoting Synergy Between Value-Based Insurance Design and the Patient Centered Medical Home
  
  V-BID and the patient centered medical home (PCMH) are found to be complementary, and aligning the two improves continuity and quality of care.
  
  Fendrick AM, Sherman B, White D. White Paper. Aligning Incentives and Systems, Promoting Synergy Between Value-Based Insurance Design and the Patient Centered Medical Home. Patient-Centered Primary Care Collaborative. March 2010.
• Restoring Health To The Health Care Cost Debate
  
  In response to the adverse effects of ‘one size fits all’ cost shifting, value-based insurance design bases co-payments on the relative value of a clinical intervention to mitigate adverse health consequences of high out-of-pocket expenditures.
  
  Chernew ME, Fendrick AM. Value Based Insurance Design: Restoring Health To The Health Care Cost Debate. American Society of Actuaries, "Visions for the Future of the U.S. Health Care System". June 2009.   

All Publications

• Fendrick AM, Martin JJ, and Weiss AE. "Value-Based Insurance Design: More Health at Any Price," Health Services Research. 47:1, February 2012.

• deSouza JA, Ratain MJ, Fendrick AM. "Value-Based Insurance Design: Aligning Incentives, Benefits, and Evidence in Oncology," Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2012, 10:18-23.

• Gibson TB, Landrum MB, Batata A, Fendrick AM, Wang S, Chernew ME.  Regional Variation in Medication Adherence.  Forum for Health Economics & Policy. 14:2(Health Policy) Article 8.  2011.

• Afendulis CC, He Y, Zaslavsky AM, Chernew ME. The Impact of Medicare Part D on Hospitalization Rates. Health Services Research, 46:4, August 2011. (PDF)

• Song Z, Gelb Safran D, Landon BE, He Y, Ellis RP, Mechanic RE, Day MP, and Chernew ME. Health Care Spending and Quality in Year 1 of the Alternative Quality Contract. July 13, 2011 (10.1056/NEJMsa1101416). (PDF)

• de Souza JA, Polite BN, Manning WG, Fendrick AM, Ratain MJ, "Value-based insurance design in oncology."  The Lancet Oncology. vol 12, Apr 2011.

• Chernew ME, Mechanic RE, Landon BE, Safran DG. Private-Payer Innovation In Massachusetts: The 'Alternative Quality Contract.' Health Affairs, 30, no. 1 (2011):51-61. (PDF)
• Saini SD, Fendrick AM. Value-Based Insurance Design: Implications for Gastroenterology. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, September 2010. Vol. 8 No. 9; 767-769. (PDF)
• Vogenberg RD, Fendrick AM. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in the Workforce: Optimizing Cholesterol Management to Reduce the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease. AM J Pharm Benefits. 2010; 2(4):255-260.
• Zhang Y, Lave JR, Donohue JM, Fischer MA, Chernew ME, Newhouse JP.

  The impact of Medicare Part D on medication adherence among older adults enrolled in Medicare-Advantage products. Med Care. 2010 May;48(5):409-17.

• Smith DG. Getting the Right Services Covered by Health Insurance. The American Journal of Managed Care, April 2010. Vol. 16 No. 4; 278-279. (PDF)
• Heisler M, Choi H, Rosen A, Vijan S, Kabeto M, Langa K, Piette J. Hospitalizations and Deaths Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease Who Underuse Medications Because of Cost. A Longitudinal Analysis. Medical Care. February 2010; 48(2). (PDF)
• Chernew M, Gibson TB, Fendrick AM: Trends in Patient Cost Sharing for Clinical Services Used as Quality Indicators. Society of General Internal Medicine, January 2010. (PDF)
• Antos J, Bertko J, Chernew M, Cutler D, Goldman D, McClellan M, McGlynn E, Pauly M, Schaeffer L, Shortell S. Bending the Curve: Effective Steps to Address Long-Term Health Care Spending Growth.  Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform, August 2009. (PDF)
• Fendrick AM, Chernew ME. Value Based Insurance Design: Maintaining a Focus on Health in an Era of Cost Containment. Am J Manag Care. June 2009;15(6). (PDF)
• Chernew ME, Fendrick AM. Clinically Sensitive Cost-Sharing for Prescription Drugs. Thinking beyond the Silos. Medical Care. May 2009; 47(5):1-3. (PDF)
• Spaulding A, Fendrick AM, Herman WH, Stevenson JG, Smith DG, Chernew ME, Parsons DM, Bruhnsen K, and Rosen AB. A controlled trial of value- based insurance design -  The MHealthy: Focus on Diabetes (FOD) trial. Implement Sci 7 Apr 2009 4(1): p. 19. (PDF)
• Chernew ME, Gibson TB. Cost Sharing and HEDIS Performance. Medical Care Research and Review. 2008; 65(6):713-729. (PDF)
• Chernew ME, Gibson TB, Yu-Isenberg K, Sokol MC, Rosen AB, and Fendrick AM. Effects of Increased Patient Cost Sharing on Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Care. J Gen Intern Med 2008 23(8):1131–6 (PDF)
• Chernew ME, Newhouse JP. What Does the RAND Health Insurance Experiment Tell Us About the Impact of Patient Cost Sharing on Health Outcomes? Am J Manag Care. July 2008; 14:412-414. (PDF)
• M Chernew and AM Fendrick. Value and Increased Cost Sharing in the American Health Care System. Health Serv Res 1 Apr 2008 43(2): p. 451 (PDF)
• Pan F, Chernew ME, Fendrick AM.  Impact of Fixed-Dose Combination Drugs on Adherence to Prescription  Medications.  J Gen Intern Med 21 Feb 2008 (PDF)
• Fendrick, AM and Chernew, ME. "Fiscally Responsible, Clinically Sensitive" Cost Sharing: Contain Costs While PReserving Quality. Am J Manag Care. June 2007; 13:325-327. (PDF)
• Chernew, ME, Fendrick, AM. The Business Case for Comparative Effectiveness Research. "Learning What Works Best. The Nation's Need for Evidence on Comparative Effectiveness in Health Care." Institute of Medicine. March, 2007. Appendix Seven: 1-13. (PDF)
• Braithwaite RS, Rosen AB. Linking Cost Sharing to Value: An Unrivaled Yet Unrealized Public Health Opportunity. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:602-605. (PDF)
• Fendrick, AM and Chernew, ME. Value-Based Insurance Design: A "Clinically Sensitive, Fiscally Responsible" Approach to Mitigate The Adverse Clinical Effects of High-Deductible Consumer-Directed Health Plans. Society of General Internal Medicine. 2007;22:890-91 (PDF)
• Braithwaite RS, Rosen AB.  Linking Cost Sharing to Value: An Unrivaled Yet Unrealized Public Health Opportunity. Ann Intern Med 2007;146 602-605 (PDF)
• Chernew, ME, Rosen, AB and Fendrick, AM. Value-Based Insurance Design: By abandoning the archaic principle that all services must cost the same for all patients, we can move to a high-value health system.
  Health Aff. published 30 January 2007, 10.1377/hlthaff.26.2.w195. (PDF)
• Fendrick AM, Chernew ME. Value-based Insurance Design: Aligning Incentives to Bridge the Divide Between Quality Improvement and Cost Containment. AM J Manag Care. 2006; 12:1-7. (PDF)
• Rosen, AB. Grounding coverage in value: A paradigm for quality and costs. Medical Care. May 2006. (PDF)
• Chernew ME, Rosen, AB, Fendrick AM, .  Rising out-of-pocket costs in disease management programs.  Am J Manag Care. 2006; 3:150-154. (PDF)
• Fendrick AM, Chernew ME.  Value-based insurance design:  A "clinically sensitive" approach to preserve quality and contain costs.  Am J Manag Care. 2006; 1:18-20.(PDF)
• Rosen AB, Hamel MB, Weinstein MC, Cutler D, Fendrick AM, Vijan S. Cost effectiveness of full Medicare coverage of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for beneficiaries with diabetes. Annals of Int Med. 2005;143:89-99. (PDF)
• Fendrick AM, Smith DG, Chernew ME, Shah SN. A benefit-based copay for prescription drugs: patient contribution based on total benefits, not drug acquisition cost. Am J Manag Care. 2001; 7:861-867. " (PDF)

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